Marriage in Different Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marriage in Different Cultures - Essay Example Marriage in Italy is loosing its importance as couples move in together and live together without being married. This allows them more independence. Men and women who do get married, do so at a later age; for women it is twenty-seven while for men it is thirty. Also, second marriages have increased in number as couples tend to get divorced more often. This leads to an increased number of civil marriages as the Catholic Church does not allow a person to be married twice. Before you actually get married in Italy, you need to make sure that all the documentation is ready. A couple must appear before the civil registrar of the town where the marriage is to take place with two witnesses and make a declaration of their intention to marry. (Justlanded.com) The birthrate has also dropped as a result of fewer marriages and marriage at an older age. This leads to the couple having their first child at an older age and since the woman can not conceive after the age of 45, it becomes difficult to have more than one or two children. In 1971 the average age of women having their first child was 25.1; in 1998 it was 28.4. The average number of children per woman dropped from 2.4 in 1981 to 1.2 in 1998. In 1993-94 one-child families represented 43.8 percent of the total of all families with children; in 1997-98 they represented 45.2 percent. (http://family.jrank.org/pages/978/Italy-Marriage-Children.html) One thing that underlies Italian families is their strong bond, even after the children leave home they stay in touch with their parents. Italians have a strong intergenerational camaraderie which helps them in facing problems and solving them. This shows that many children live at home till the age of 33. Around the world people trace their ancestry only through the paternal side but in Italy both paternal and maternal sides are traced. Thus ancestry is bilateral and relates the individual to more people. This way a large kin is developed which can help the person with any problems and provide help. Businesses in Italy also have a family based structure. The bilateral descent extends the family and clears the rights of every individual, places authority with a few people and specifies whom one can marry or can not marry. The place where you live in Italy also determines the relationships you develop. For example; children are closer to their grandparents rather than some uncle or aunt. This gives the grandparents more authority over the children. Authority is mostly based on age. Children live with their parents up until the time they are married, after that the parents prefer the children to set up house for themselves. Kinship among Italians is on the basis of three criteria: descent, marriage and pseudo relationship. The pseudo relationships include relatives acquired through ceremonies such as baptism and weddings. All this has changes because of industrialization. Courtship is more direct and marriage marks the end of the courtship process which has evolved. The weddings are very traditional. Guests are expected to repay former favors of the family to the couple. The groom's tie is cut up and sold to finance the honeymoon. Marriage in Germany reduced right after the post war era. There were fewer marriages, smaller

Strategic Management Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Strategic Management Analysis - Essay Example The EVs use electricity for propulsion. Customers that purchased electric vehicles incurred problems such as: they were unable to use the cars for longer distances due to the limited capacity of the battery, the charge spots were few and the service costs for EV were high. Better Place came into business with the aim of popularizing the use EVs. The first thing the company worked on is a better battery that could last longer. Secondly, they increased the number of charging spot for the EV customers. They then introduced service packages that were suitable for all classes of customers. Without Better Place Company in business, there could be difficulties for EV users. Vision Agassi, in his bid to reduce pollution, vowed to only purchase electricity produced from the renewable sources of energy. Better Place believed that the EVs could significantly reduce the costs incurred by drivers. Feasibility studies conducted showed that electricity costs relatively cheaper than gasoline in most of the countries. Better Place Company is working to reduce the number of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) which will be replaced by EVs. With EVs, environmental degradation will be significantly reduced and motor vehicle costs reduced. Stakeholders ... The company entirely depends on investor for capital. This makes investors important stakeholders to the company. Investors influence the financial decisions of the company. The company cannot undertake any capital investment without investors’ approval. Investors will always check the financial performance of the company to ensure it is within track. Customers: these are the drivers, individuals, governments and firms who purchase the Better Place products. They are the major source of revenue to the company and the main reason why the company exists. Customer will always be concerned with product pricing and quality. The company will always produce high quality products and sell them at customer friendly prices so as to keep customers. Suppliers: this includes car manufactures, electricity producers, battery manufacturers and other suppliers to the company. Without these stakeholders, the company will neither produce nor sell. The company depends on the suppliers for resourc e inputs whereas the suppliers depend on the company as a market for their products. Governments: the company must relate well with the governments of the countries it establishes its business in. governments depend on the company for taxes and creation of employment opportunities. The company expects good business regulations in the country and a good economy to operate in. The company should always acts ethically in all decisions. To address stakeholder concerns, the company must ensure it adheres to the corporate social responsibility regulations. Stakeholder prioritization matrix High Power Low Interest High A stakeholder’s position on the grid shows the treatment they are given. For instance, those with high power and

Environmental Impact Assessment Report For Airport Project

Environmental Impact Assessment Report For Airport Project As an officer with a consultant firm located in a developing country, you are in charge of preparing an Environmental Impact Assessment Report for a new airport project in the capital city. Provide a guideline for such a report, stating important requirements that are needed. Make appropriate assumptions when necessary. Introduction Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a study to indentify, predict, evaluate, and communicate information on the environment of a proposed project and to detail out the mitigating measures prior to project approval and implementation. The EIA is essentially a planning mechanisme for preventing environmental problems due to an action. It ensures that the potential problems are foreseen and addressed at an early stage in the project planning and design. Thus this will avoid costly mistakes in project implementation, either because of the environmental damages that are likely to arise during project implementation, or because of modifications that may be required subsequently in order to make the action environmentally acceptable. The purpose of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report is to investigate and assess the principal environmental concerns associated with the proposed airport. The scope of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study covers both the constructio n phase and the operational stage of the airport, investigating and analyzing The effects of aircraft noise on institutional and residential areas, particularly at night Increased traffic congestion in the airport approaches Fire hazards Ambient air quality Surface water quality Hydrogeology Impact on flora and fauna Social perception, and Emergency preparedness. This environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been prepared as an evaluation and condensation of a full environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the proposed airport in the capital city, Kolkata situated in the developing country, India prepared for the government by the consulting group, following the developing country , India governments guidelines and the methodologies described in Environmental Assessment Requirements and Environmental Review Procedures and the Environmental Guidelines for Selected Infrastructure Projects. The guideline is based on (i) the EIA, (ii) the airport project feasibility study (iii) field visits to the airport project site and local government capital, and, (iv) discussions with local government and pertinent National Government officials with environmental responsibilities. The methods used to carry out the EIA include: (i) review of available literature, (ii) meetings with National and local government officials (iii) site visits to the capital city of the proposed airport and surrounding areas, (iv) discussions with inhabitants near the site, (v) ambient noise and air quality and surface water quality sampling and testing in the field and in the laboratory, and (vi) application of professional knowledge and experience. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT The project consists of the design, financing, construction, and operation of a new airport. The proposed new airport will be located in the capital city of the developing country, which is in Kolkata in India. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT A study is conducted to identify the ambient air quality in the selected area. The daytime noise in the vicinity of the site is also surveyed. Temperature range in the proposed area is also identified. It is good to have no forests near the project site as there will not be any endangered species of flora and fauna. The population at the site has to be relocated. Besides, the water supply has to be good and the sewerage system is better to be connected to the drainage system. Finally a good source of electric power is vital. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental impacts are anticipated during both the construction stage and the operational stage. Construction Stage The daily water estimated requirement for the project should not affect the supply of water to the residents in the capital city. Earthwork, soil excavation, ground preparation, and concreting activities will further increase the TSP level. However, a comprehensive system of netting to be used as well as constant daily watering of the ground will mitigate the impact. Solid waste generated from the construction activities will be disposed of daily by garbage trucks. Employment opportunities and other sources of income for the residents of the capital city will be generated by the project. Operational Stage No significant increase in the level of TSP of the air quality within the vicinity will be generated during operation. Nevertheless, the terminal building will be fully air-conditioned and equipped with dust filtration system which that will be regularly checked and cleaned. The additional aircraft movements will increase the noise level. However, flights are normally scheduled during daytime to minimize noise disruption to settlements relatively near the airport. No breach of acceptable airport noise standards will take place. Further, the flight path of aircraft will not be over densely populated areas. The commercial operation of the airport may cause a mild migration of potential job seekers to the capital city, since jobs will be created by the project. ALTERNATIVES If the airport is not constructed there would be no effects, either positive or negative, on physical environmental factors. In addition, no adverse impact would be suffered by the adjoining city institutions. There would be, however, other significant sociological and economic losses to the city. The loss of this facility would inhibit terminal development and the economic and ensuing sociological gains, and would conflict directly with established, approved master plans and goals. The international passenger congestion would restrict the growth of terminal activities. Even without the proposed Project, air pollution and noise levels will increase due to vehicular emissions, heavy traffic flow, and increase in domestic air flights. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS Project costs include (i) civil works, (ii) other construction, (iii) equipment and its installation, and (iv) consulting engineering design and supervision. These Project costs also include the cost of mitigating all negative environmental impacts during construction and into the operating phase, which amounts to $400,000, or about 0.6 percent of the total Project base cost.For the cost item, the estimated total Project cost of $504 million was used. The total Project cost includes the total cost of relocation of PAF facilities, the schools, church, and Community center, estimated at $7 million; the cost of the Fire Prevention Plan; the cost of sewerage and drainage systems, estimated at $2 million; and such other costs as provision of a carpark building ($21 million) and road access improvements. In terms of the benefit, the stream of cashflow after debt servicing but before tax payments (because tax payments are considered as one of the benefits) was used. The internal rate of ret urn and net present value are calculated as 21 percent and $506.7 million, respectively. Facilities will also be temporarily subjected to nuisances associated with major construction, including increased noise levels, dust, heavier traffic on Andrew Avenue, and other similar effects. On a permanent basis, the traffic and noise from terminal activities will cause some disturbances. The disturbances will depend on the arrival and departure of various types of aircraft. There will be some direct costs related to the relocation of affected residences and facilities. However, the airport project will result in several beneficial impacts on both a temporary and a permanent basis. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM During the whole airport project cycle, monitoring of noise and of air and water quality parameters will be undertaken regularly and continuously. Regular monitoring will be undertaken to assess the effectiveness and integrity of the mitigating measures being implemented to minimize the adverse impacts of the airport project activities. Monitoring will also cover (i) performance of the facility after construction, (ii) verification of proper effluent disposal at the facility, (iii) yearly physical testing of the airport project area, (iv) proper solid waste disposal, and (v) traffic management. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT A social perception survey will be conducted for the airport project by a group of social scientists. The survey will be undertaken among the residents of the developing countrys capital city, site of the proposed airport project. The social perception survey will be carried out by taking a random sample of the residents of the capital city with the primary objectives of ascertaining awareness of the proposed airport project, eliciting from the interviewees their acceptance or non-acceptance of the airport constuction, and identifying what in their own judgment are its positive and negative effects. It is planned that, during the airport project implementation, the airport project administration, in coordination with the local government, will keep related agencies and the local population near the airport informed about the airport project, and will request their views as the project progresses. Based on consultations with the local government and local residents, the airport constr uction will begin. CONCLUSIONS The proposed airport project will definitely be to public advantage. The major benefit will be socioeconomic. The primary long-range effects on the physical environment include the relocation of several houses due to road widening, and several institutions. Finally, the residents of the capital city will be subjected to both temporary and permanent increases in noise level, which, however, in terms of level,  time of occurrence, and distribution will not cause a major impact. The construction of the proposed airport will assure optimum use of a section of unused land. Although it will result in a few limited temporary environmental adverse effects, the life expectancy of the terminals productivity will prove profitable to society on both a regional and local basis. The proposed airport development will have no significantly adverse impacts on the surrounding environment. The construction, while involving soil improvement and considerable earthwork will, use proven construction techniques and conventional earthwork methods. Potentially minor adverse impacts can readily be avoided by good site management and construction practices, particularly related to drainage system design. A simple monitoring program is needed to cover the construction phase and the first three years of operation. This will be prepared during the design phase of the project by the engineering consultants. It will then be implemented during the airport project construction by the administration assisted by the engineering consultants, and by the staff operating the airport during airport operation. The monitoring program will also be supervised. This report has been produced to inform and facilitate the request for a Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations. In accordance with the EIA regulations, only those issues which give rise to potential significant environmental effects need to be assessed in detail within the airport project. Those matters which have been identified as potentially giving rise to significant environmental effects include: Surface transport and access. Air and ground noise. Air quality. Socio-economics. Waste. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) when integrated into the existing planning and decision making structure, provides additional information towards a better decision making. Project proponent must make sure that the concept of the proposed project does not contradict any development plans, policies or any decisions of the government prior to the EIA study.

Differing Views on the 1969 Woodstock Music Festival Essay -- American

Differing Views on the 1969 Woodstock Music Festival On August 15, 1969 at five-o’clock p.m., on a 600-acre hog farm in the small town of Bethel, NY, Richie Havens took the stage as the opening act at the legendary Woodstock Festival. Destined to become the largest gathering of people in one place at one time, Woodstock stood for three days of peace, love, and music amidst the horrors of the Vietnam War. Hundreds of thousands of men, women, and children made their way to the Catskills in New York to take part in the festival and hear their favorite music groups live. Even though tickets for the event had been pre-sold, the directors of the Woodstock declared it a free event on the same day that it started. All over the country people watched footage and read about the festival that many believed was going to be a disaster. But they were proved wrong. Music was the peacekeeper at Woodstock, as the people in attendance listened to over twenty-five music groups that performed from the afternoon of August 15 through the morning of August 18. This weekend during 1969 marks a milestone in American history, where almost 500,000 people joined together in peace for the sake of music. Since that mesmerizing time during the August of 1969, numerous books have been written about the Woodstock Musical Festival. The books allow people to dig deeper and go behind the scenes to find out what made Woodstock such a success. On the other hand, one can always search the newspaper archives and retrieve an account of Woodstock from a reporter’s view at the same time the festival occurred. The only difference between a book written at a later date and a newspaper article written during the summer of 1969 is the formality. ... ...n the same level of formality as does the newspaper articles. Both present the material about Woodstock in a different manner, but at the same time they both include very pertinent information about the festival. Each form of writing puts its own twist on the interpretation of Woodstock. Clearly there are differences in the way that Woodstock was presented in the 1969 Washington Post and in the 1979 book, Barefoot in Babylon. Both prove to be very acceptable sources on the Woodstock festival. From the kind of information given in the sources to the form of writing used to the formality of the content, they all add up to two different views about Woodstock. Works Cited Spitz, Robert Stephen. Barefoot in Babylon: The Creation of the Woodstock Music Festival, 1969. New York: The Viking Press, 1979. The Washington Post, August 15 – 21, 1969.

Banning Catcher in the Rye Essay

The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger should not be banned in schools based solely on the fact that it is a controversial book that uses harsh language and sexual references. This book is J. D. Salinger’s freedom of speech, and it is a violation of the first amendment for schools to ban this book. This book is only offering an inside look into what teenagers go through in some point of their lives. According to the Los Angeles Times, The Catcher in the Rye’s, â€Å"†¦ profanity and sexual references drew scandalized reactions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rotella 18). Although this book has many sexual references, it is not in any way as explicit and as bad as what teenagers see and hear nowadays on television and in the world. Holden occasionally thinks and talks about sex: â€Å"Most guys at Pencey talked about having sexual intercourse with girls all the time. † (Salinger 48). The average teenager often thinks and talks about sex. It is not unusual for teenagers to do this. The profanity in this book is also not as bad as it may seem. Patty Salazar, a concerned mother and religious activist, claims that, â€Å"‘It uses the Lord’s name in vain 200 times’† (Rotella 17), but the curse words used in The Catcher in the Rye are nothing that teenagers have not heard before in their everyday lives. Banning The Catcher in the Rye in school is not acceptable. It is a violation of the first amendment, and it is nothing far from what teenagers encounter everyday. This book gives teenagers someone in literature that they are able to relate to in one way or another. The Catcher in the Rye is not a book that will corrupt young readers. The underlying theme of this book is loss of innocence. This loss occurs when a teenager makes the change to adulthood where he or she is obscured by phoniness. By banning this book from schools, the only thing that teenagers would be sheltered from is reality.

Brain Tumour Glioblastoma Multiforme Problem Health And Social Care Essay

Glioblastoma, which is besides known as spongioblastoma multiforme ( GBM ) is the most common signifier of malignant encephalon tumor of grownups. It is the highest class ( grade IV ) astrocytomas, tumours that start in glial cells in the encephalon [ 1,25-27,36 ] . Each twelvemonth, about five out of 100 000 people populating in United State are diagnosed with this disease [ 28,29 ] . GBM normally affects people who older than 50 old ages old although the disease can happen in patients from all age group [ 2,25,28 ] . Patients suffer ictus, concern, ocular perturbation and sometimes personality alterations which can do great emotional hurt [ 25,30,31 ] . The average endurance of GBM patients is hapless, with about 12 to 14 months [ 7 ] . At this minute, the exact causes of GBM still remain vague to the scientists.Figure 1 GBM tumor is normally found in frontal and temporal lobe.Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //ebsco.smartimagebase.com/brain-tumor/view-item? ItemID=4027Accum ulative Word Count: 131Possible TreatmentsSurgerySurgery is normally the initial measure to handle GBM by taking every bit much tumor as possible. It is non healing but aims to cut down the tumor ‘s size every bit much as possible so that other therapies right after the surgery can be more effectual. Furthermore, surgical resection Acts of the Apostless to alleviate hydrops by debulking tumor every bit good as being a alleviative intervention for neurologic symptoms such as ictus activity [ 7 ] . The surgery includes standard surgical process craniotomy which removes a subdivision of skull to expose the encephalon underneath in order to unclutter the tumor. Besides, patients may choose to undergo optical maser microsurgery or supersonic aspiration to hold their tumors removed.2134Figure 2 Craniotomy hypertext transfer protocol: //ebsco.smartimagebase.com/surgical-craniotomy/view-item? ItemID=40345 Accumulative Word Count: 242Radiation TherapyNormally, radiation therapy ( RT ) is administered instantly after surgery. It works chiefly by damaging the Deoxyribonucleic acid of tumor cells, killing any residuary tumor cells after surgical remotion of the tumour [ 3-6,32 ] . A research has shown that the average endurance clip has increased from 17 hebdomads ( treated with conventional attention ) to 37.5 hebdomads when the GBM patients were treated with RT entirely while combination of BNCU ( carmustine ) and RT produced a 40.5 hebdomad average endurance [ 11 ] . Table 1 Randomized surveies of post-operative radiation compared with no radiation therapy in malignant gliomaa [ 23 ]Study [ Ref. ]Study groupRadiation dose Gy/ no. of fractionNo. of patients randomized ( analyzed )Median endurance ( hebdomads )Overall endurance P valueShapiro et al. , 1976 [ 62 ] Connecticut RT + CT–60 16 ( 16 ) 17 ( 17 ) 30 44.5 NR Not important Andersen, 1978 [ 1 ] Surgery entirely RT–45/25 57 ( 57 ) 51 ( 51 ) 15b 23b †¹0.005 Survival at 6 months Walker et al. , 1978 [ 78 ] vitamin D Surgery entirely RT–50-60/25-35 42 ( 31 ) 93 ( 68 ) 14c 36c 0.001 Walker et al. , 1980 [ 79 ] vitamin D Connecticut RT–60/30-35 111 ( 111 ) 118 ( 118 ) 31 37 0.003 Kristiansen et al. , 1981 [ 36 ] vitamin D Surgery entirely RT + / – Connecticut–45/25 38 ( 38 ) 80 ( 80 ) 23 47 NR Significant Sandberg-Wollheim et al. , 1991 [ 60 ] Connecticut RT + CT–58/27 87 ( 87 ) 84 ( 84 ) 42 62 0.028 a CT, chemotherapy ; NR, non reported ; RT, radiation therapy. B Calculated from survival curve. 500 Multi-arm survey that included a radiation plus chemotherapy arm. For both surveies by Walker et al. , merely information from the radiation entirely arm are shown in Table 2. Kristiansen et Al. reported combined informations from the radiation entirely arm and the radiation plus chemotherapy arm. In each of these surveies, there was a important survival benefit favouring radiation plus chemotherapy compared with no radiation therapy but no important difference in endurance between radiation entirely and radiation plus chemotherapy ( informations non shown ) . degree Celsiuss Merely consequences for the evaluable patients were reported ( 31 patients in the surgery entirely arm and 68 patients in the RT arm ) . Accumulative Word Count: 329 RT is normally administered through external beam radiation but internal radiation called Brachytherapy is besides possible. Each manner differs in how the radiation beginnings are delivered to the tumour [ 4-6,32 ] . Using IMRT ( Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy ) , a machine such as additive gas pedal delivers precise high-energy radiation doses ( eg: X raies ) to the tumor accurately and kills the affected cells [ 6,33 ] . Most patients will have the intervention for five to seven hebdomads [ 6,32,34 ] . Typically, around 6000 to 6500 units of radiation are delivered over seven hebdomads [ 6 ] . In contrast, brachytherapy topographic point the radiation beginnings every bit near as possible to the targeted cells in shorter clip comparison to external radiation. It consists of radioactive implants in the signifier of catheters or seeds which has impermanent radioactive beginnings in the tumor [ 8 ] . Figure 3 Brachythrapy hypertext transfer protocol: //ebsco.smartimagebase.com/brachytherapy/view-item? ItemID=24923 Besides, stereotactic radiosurgery, a noninvasive method of presenting an intense and focused dosage of radiation to a little country can be used for GBM excessively. Treatment dose is individualized but the typical dosage is about 2500 units of radiation per intervention [ 6 ] . Other signifiers of radiation intervention such as installing of inflatable balloon incorporating liquid radiation or interpolation of monoclonal antibodies tagged with radioactive substances may be used [ 8 ] . Accumulative Word Count: 519ChemotherapyChemotherapy may be given after surgical resection and radiation. In this therapy, chemotherapeutic drugs play an of import function in impacting retroflexing cells by damaging the Deoxyribonucleic acid of these cells. The most normally used drugs are carmustine ( BNCU ) , lomustine ( CCNU ) , temozolomide ( Temodar ) and procarbazine. They are classified as alkylating agents which are DNA-damaging drugs. These drugs alkylate the Deoxyribonucleic acid in the tumor cells, doing the dual strands to be cross-linked to each other in an inappropriate manner. This thereby, blocks DNA reproduction and bit by bit leads to cell decease [ 4,5,8 ] . Soon, Gliadel Wafer – a biodegradable wafer soaked with BNCU is prevailing among the interventions. This is done by engrafting wafers in the pit after surgical remotion of the tumor. The wafers so easy let go of high concentrations of BCNU straight into the tumour country over a period of 2-3 hebdomads. Gliadel does non supply a remedy for GBM but is believed to be capable of protracting endurance. Apart from that, temozolomide is more frequently administered orally on monthly rhythm for 6-12 months after surgery and radiation as a care therapy [ 6,8,28,29 ] . Traditional chemotherapy drugs can be effectual, but most of them do non separate between healthy and tumour cells, thereby forestalling the disposal of high doses to kill the unnatural cells. What is more, their generalised toxicity can do terrible side effects. Targeted therapy drugs like Avastin ( bevacizumab ) are more precise than some chemotherapy drugs and tend to hold fewer side effects. It has been approved by FDA in 2009 as a new biologic drug to handle GBM. Avastin acts chiefly as an angiogenesis inhibitors by decelerating the growing of new blood vass environing the tumor. It selectively blocks VEGF to suppress the activation of VEGF receptors tyrosine kinases VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 [ 13-15 ] . There are some surveies to turn out that approximately 20-30 % patients with GBM do react to the drugs [ 27 ] . Accumulative Word Count: 823AGraph 1 Kaplan-Meier endurance curves for patients treated with steroids and ( A ) resective surgery merely, ( B ) resective surgery and radiation therapy and ( C ) resective surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. [ 12 ]BacillusCAccumulative Word Count: 848Social and Economic DeductionsThe trouble to digest with the side effects of the medicines such as sleepiness and hair loss may do GBM patients to experience down and hurt. They may be easy frustrated by concerns they suffer often or experience suffering and hopeless after the diagnosing [ 34 ] . This could take to serious societal impact and would worry the people around them. Furthermore, most of the patients find it hard to return to work due to decrease in productiveness. A study has shown that with 91 % patients were employed before diagnosing, merely 33 % of them continue working after interventions. While health professionals who were still working experience employment alterations such as taking leave of absence to be with their loved 1s for interventions or taking on extra paid work might experience stressed and have to fight difficult to get by with the tough life [ 9 ] . In order to run a normal life, patients require undergo a plentifulness of interventions including hospitalization after surgery which would do great fiscal load. It is estimated that cost of GBM interventions ranged from ˆ10 893 to ˆ125 275 [ 22 ] . Trouble of obtaining insurance makes the status even worse. Drugs that are necessary for GBM interventions are expensive and are normally administered over long period of clip. All this becomes a beginning of depression which affects non merely the patients but their households and friends [ 9 ] . The return of GBM after conventional therapy is inevitable. This so creates unstoppable medical crisis every bit good as fiscal hurt to the patients and their households. Accumulative Word Count: 1084Benefits and HazardsI believe a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy is the most effectual intervention for GBM presently. In malice of its forecast has remained hapless for the last few decennaries, patients do acquire better after adhering to this standard therapy. Although GBM can non be cured, the patients had have their survival clip prolonged, acquiring a opportunity to pass their last few months with their loved 1s in a meaningful manner [ 34 ] . Nevertheless, the interventions do enforce distressing side effects to human wellness. Despite killing tumour cells, alkylating agents used are considered toxic, ensuing in suppression or lowering of blood counts. They have been associated with important sickness, hair loss, weariness and sterility [ 5 ] . High doses of BNCU may take to damage and marking of the lungs while procarbazine can do raging concern, purging and numbness. Hence, doses of drugs administered have to be carefull y monitored by doctor to avoid taking to unwanted effects. Recently invented drugs temozolomide, has comparatively mild side effects but they are still inevitable [ 6 ] . Meanwhile, hazard of developing acute leukaemia old ages subsequently is increased when patients are exposed to alkylating agents [ 5 ] . Avastin, a freshly developed drug, provides a more effectual therapy for GBM. However, it potentially creates fatal toxicity, doing the late closed surgical lesion interruptions down. Some claim that the development of toxicity by avastin may shorten endurance in some patients when it is added to radiotherapy and temozolomide. Thus, researches on the effectivity and safety of use of avastin should be carried on continually until desirable consequences are obtained [ 20 ] . In add-on, the return of the tumor is ineluctable, with the average endurance rate of patients who relapse runing from 3-6 months despite aggressive intervention [ 10 ] . Patients may develop the feeling that the medicines are useless or may give up because of the intolerable side effects and the unstoppable backsliding of disease. This will take to non-adherence to therapy and increase the hazard of mortality. However, in my sentiment, the multimodal treatments I discuss above are still considered the best solution for GBM as they outweigh the hazards by protracting the patients ‘ survival clip. Accumulative Word Count: 1432Alternate TreatmentsGene therapyAnother promising attack of handling GBM is cistron therapy. Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir ( HSV-tk/GCV ) has evolved as a cytotoxic cistron therapy. In this instance, recombinant adenoviral vectors are used to give favorable consequences. Adenoviral HSV-tk ( AdHSV-tk ) is able to assail the residuary dividing tumour cells while go forthing the non-dividing nerve cells unharmed. What ‘s more, it can destruct the malignant neoplastic disease cells through bystander- consequence [ 19 ] . HSV-tk first converts GCV to GCV-monophosphate [ 16,17 ] . Then, cellular kinases farther convert this merchandise to GCV-triphosphate which is a hapless substrate for uninterrupted DNA elongation due to the lacking of 3 ‘ hydroxyl group that is needed to organize phosphodiester bond in chain-elongation-reaction. Ultimately, nonfunctional Deoxyribonucleic acid fragments are formed, triping programmed cell death in malignant neoplastic disease cells [ 18 ] . Nowadays, AdHSV-tk /GCV is going preferred comparisons to conventional radiation therapy and chemotherapy due to its fewer inauspicious effects. Figure 4 The rule of HSV-tk/GCV cistron therapy. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gtmb.org/VOL4A/GTMBVOL4AHTML/23_Adachi_files/image001.gif Accumulative Word Count: 1575 Table 2 Surveies by Sandmair et Al. and Immonen et Al. demo a singular protraction of endurance in patients treated with AdHSV-tk [ 19 ] . Patients Vector Phase Gene Transfer Method Adverse Effectss Survival ( Months ) Response

My Deepest Fear Essay Essays

My Deepest Fear Essay Essays My Deepest Fear Essay Essay My Deepest Fear Essay Essay Essay Topic: Deep One of the biggest lies of all time told is that slumber is the best speculation. For as I lie down to rest each dark. I toss and turn for hours on terminal. troubled by the happenings of each twenty-four hours. overwhelmed by the errors I’ve undeniably made. and haunted by the errors I will doubtless do tomorrow. The restlessness caused by my insecurities neer ceases to get the better of me. And in an effort to get away the experiential panics of being. I write. Until my diary is filled to the end†¦until my eyes easy descend. I write†¦ I have been reading since I was two old ages old. Because it is by and large non in the nature of yearlings to grok modest literary plants. I did non read books. Alternatively. I read my milieus. analysing both periods of pleasance and pieces of disparity. subconsciously retaining non the former but the latter. And as books come to life in the head. mirroring gesture images. I remember my childhood as such. Watching my female parent. so immature. being beaten by legion â€Å"boyfriends† proved damaging to my guiltless mind. Not merely were these work forces crushing her. they were crushing this thought of normality into my caput that I’d sum to nil greater. I’d achieve nil more than what my female parent had. holding had two kids at 18 with no high school sheepskin to decrease unforgiving fortunes. And I sit in school feeling as if my dreams. at the really root of them. hold dried up like raisins in the sun†¦I sit in my categories penetrating my fate so intently that I am simply feigning to understand what is being taught. Therefore. despite the words of the august Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. my deepest fright is. in fact. that I am unequal. I fear that I am non good plenty and the undertaking of confuting this apprehension has been backbreaking. cognizing that every twenty-four hours. something has tried to destruct me and has merely fallen short. And I am diffident if this item is worthy of jubilation. And I wonder†¦has my tegument colour betrayed me? Has my inkiness. this skin color which I was taught to happen so beautiful. stricken me with the imprecation of holding to turn up in a poorness consumed vicinity. dependent upon the authorities to house and feed me ; the same vicinity that gunned my male parent down and took the lives of several of my equals. It can’t be†¦that my skin color has become so obvious that I am invariably holding to alter my frock. and adjust my tone to suit the demands of a disapproving bulk. Some position my sable race with contemptuous oculus. My colour is a devilish dye†¦to those who don’t see. that I am human first before I am black. Or is my sex the perpetrator? Has my being a adult female determined my destiny? Because as a member of an intersectional community it is known all excessively good that I am stricken by these procedures of sexism. and subjugation ; non working independently of one another. but interconnected. organizing a kind of junction. or intersection. of mul tiple signifiers of favoritism. But this can’t be†¦because harmonizing to female parent Maya Angelou. I am a adult female phenomenally†¦ And I know all excessively good that the caged bird sings for freedom. I have been so long stricken by the rough worlds of my upbringing†¦and I have been so long weltering in self-pity that I have forgotten my heritage and it shames me. Kings and Queens of Africa inhabit me. Affonso and Amina. Idris and Makeda. who are my ascendants. would certainly be affronted to cognize that I have non realized what it has been in my nature to make: get the better of. defy. and amaze. And it is here that my African roots assert themselves. coercing me to mount the foothills of my uncertainty. the mountains of my false lower status. and extremums least traveled by. And as I stand at the precipice of life’s enigmas. this Pennsylvania State University precipice. I am all of a sudden intertwined with a household consummated non merely of the people of my fatherland. Africa. but of the woods of Asia. the Waterss of the Caribbean. the jungles of South America. and the mountains of Europe†¦these people of changing colourss. sexes. and civilizations who have defied quandaries much different than my ain. And we stand. hushed. equal. en masse. And it is here that I hear Mr. Mandela speak to me. â€Å"As we are liberated from our ain fright. our presence automatically liberates others. † †¦whether it be those of our ain lineages†¦or those of line of descents wholly dissimilar.

What were the most important causes of the French Revolution essays

What were the most important causes of the French Revolution essays The French Revolution of 1789 had many long-range causes. Political, social, and economic conditions on France contributed to the discontent felt by many French people-especially those of the third estate. The ideas of the intellectuals of the Enlightment brought new views of government and society. The American Revolution also influenced the coming of the French Revolution. In Document 2 the Third Estate was made up of the middle class, peasants, and city workers. 97% of the people owned 55% of the land. So since the Third Estate had more people they had more land. The Estate determined a persons legal rights and statues. One cause of the French Revolution was the Enlightment ideas. The people in the Third Estate were questioning the governments power and authority. The middle class, the peasants, and the bourgeoisie thought that it was unfair because they were the only Estate that had to pay taxes and got paid lower wages. The people in the Third Estate also believed in equality, liberty, and democracy. The success of the American Revolution inspired them. Lord Acton believed that the Declaration of Independence sparked ideas into the minds of the middle class which caused the French Revolution. His believe was kind of right. Another cause of the French Revolution was when Louis the 16 became leader of France everything changed. He was indecisive and allowed matter to drift. He paid little attention to his government advisors which lead to the bankruptcy in France. Louis the 16 had no control over his land and all the 3 Estates got mad. In document 1 the life of the peasants in France was horrible. The children are terribly ragged. The price of food was so high that the people couldnt afford it because they got made low wage and the commoners were taxed heavily. This is another cause of the French Revolution. Bad weather in 1780 caused widespread crop failures, shortages of grain, bread prices doubled, and...

Changing the Reputation of Nursing Homes

According to Sampsell (2003), In the next 25 years, 76 million baby boomers are preparing to enter the nursing home (LTC) (p. 41). For elderly people who need to strengthen medical care, special nursing home for seniors is a major provider of elderly people who usually have long-term health problems related to disability and dysfunction (Luskey and Ingman, 1994 , P. 265). Due to the anticipated increase in service demand, industry leaders will be able to understand households, consumers, and employees about nursing care facilities by implementing non-traditional principles for attracting new residents I am trying to change. The special nursing home for the elderly has made tremendous changes in the past few decades. Government regulation and pressure from consumers are driving these changes. Today's sanatorium is a highly regulated quality institution for care and treatment of elderly with severe and / or mental disorders. There is no similar rule to aid living facilities to take car e of special nursing home for the elderly. Almost half of the people living in the nursing home for the elderly are over 85 years old. Relatively small resident is under 65 years old. Most are women (72%), many of them do not have spouses (about 70% have been widows, divorced or never married), only a few families and friends are seeking support. The shortage of nursing for nurses in special nursing home for the elderly has been a problem in the medical field for many years. This shortage has a serious impact on today's social welfare facilities and special nursing home for the aged. Because 8.1% of nurses became missing in 2008, it is important to understand the situation of nurses (solving the lack of care, 2010). In order to help people understand more about the shortage of nurses, this article will discuss resource shortages, stakeholders, economic flows, changes in supply and demand, pricing. Moral care and care in a special nursing home for the elderly are essential. There are many unethical practices in special nursing home for the elderly. Since it is doubtful whether the special nursing home for the elderly is safe or not, the special nursing home for the elderly needs to take care of the elderly and those who can no longer manage it at home. Many residents believe that nursing homes are their home. - In the beginning of the 20th century, there is no sanatoria we are talking about now. If the elderly can not go anywhere, they will be sent to a devastated poor farm. On August 14, 1935, President Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act to provide appropriate subsidies to each state 's old aid (OAA). This in turn starts opening up private houses, allowing people to live in nursing homes and request old age allowances.

WAN Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

WAN Design - Essay Example On the other hand, prior to building a WAN we need to calculate the upholding and installation expenditures, network dependability, distributed applications consistency and operational capability of the novel network. Moreover, a WAN environment is used to establish connections among worldwide companies, university’s campuses, airports, banks, call centers, stock exchanges, telecommunication corporations, ISPs and business headquarters (NetworkTutorials, 2007) and (Nash, 2000). This report presents a detailed analysis of some of the main aspects and areas of new technology based WAN network establishment at Acme Manufacturing. This report presents the design of a new network for Acme Manufacturing Company. Acme Manufacturing Company has evolved to a huge business arrangement and it has considerably developed into a huge business framework. Thus, there is a dire need for establishment of WAN that can help the business to interlink the overall working and operational procedures of the business. In this scenario, our basic requirements is to connect different business offices and arrangements located in China as well as several other offices throughout the United States. For the headquarters located at Atlanta and Georgia we have chosen the business of Genx for the fast Ethernet Service. In this scenario, we will get the facility of connection like Point to Point Service, Gigabit Ethernet Service, DSL Service, Frame Relay Service, T3 Service, T1 Service, SIP Trunking, OC3 Service, OC1 Service, MPLS Trunking and much more (GenX10, 2002). For the business division located at Phoenix we have chosen the Verizon for leased line services. In this scenario Verizon business will offer us T3, T1, Ethernet, OC-12 or OC-3 committed access internet services. The basic reason of choosing this company is that it well-liked in the local market place (Verizon, 2011). For the New York leased line services I have chosen Phoenix Internet Service. This is a perfect solution for

Long term effects of bariartic surgery(bypass) Research Proposal

Long term effects of bariartic surgery(bypass) - Research Proposal Example As noted by Walsh (2013) bariatric surgery results in significant weight loss than nonsurgical treatment among patients with diabetes and who are mildly obese. However, evidence for long-term efficacy and safety still remains limited. Although patients with obesity problems loose more weight with bariatric surgery as compared to medical weight-loss treatment, the study is going to examine the long term effects of bariatric surgery since there are many risks and benefits associated with the surgery. There are different types of weight loss surgeries each with its characteristic risks and benefits. Some of the factors that impact on the bariatric surgery in the long term include: eating habits, the body mass index of the patients, previous stomach surgeries, and health conditions linked to obesity. With regard to the effect of bariatric surgery to diabetes, Rao and Subhash (2012) argued that weight loss surgery is currently the most effective diabetes treatment with regard to morbid obesity and want to obtain amelioration of the medical co-morbidities of obesity and sustaining significant weight loss. Severe obesity is chronic condition which is difficult treat with exercise and diet alone. This is where bariatric surgery comes in handy. It involves an operation on the stomach or the intestines that assists patients who extreme obesity for them to loose weight. There are risks and rewards associated with bariatric surgery (Pories, 2008). The surgery works in manner that restricts the intake of food (Jaunoo and Southall, 2010), thus promoting weight loss and reducing the risk of disease such type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular ailments. Other surgeries have been performed in order to interrupt how food is digested, thus preventing some nutrients and calories, such as vitamins from being absorbed. Obesity is a source of distress, which is linked to a negative body image, more intimate and interpersonal problems, and more

Dream employer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dream employer - Essay Example There are a few companies in the world that offer a good working environment or autonomy and opportunities as Microsoft Corporation; apart from an attractive pay package they also offer an incredible array of perks to their staff such as free and complete medical cover and gym membership. This essay will discuss reasons as to why working for Microsoft Corporation would be a dream comes true for me. Founded in 1975, Microsoft is today one of the IT giants in the world producing a huge percentage of the software that is used by millions worldwide especially the windows operating system and gaming devices such as XBOX (Schneider). Microsoft gives its employees considerable personal autonomy, in both matters of work and the working environment, thus employees will order their own supplies, customize their office and workspace as they see fit and schedule trips and meetings. Even when upper management or other groups make decisions for someone, they still have to take into consideration; ones interests, skills and abilities. While working for Microsoft, I would have the option of showing up to work when I want, and I could hire a decorator to do my office in my style of choice. Without someone else making my schedule for me, I believe I would be highly productive, because of not working under pressure thus being intrinsically motivated. Some companies imagine that employee development and education are undesirable for them since it exposes them to other skills and opportunities, which might make them quit and join other companies in posterity. However, Microsoft takes a radically different approach to the subject of personal employee development, it does not only supply a diverse variety of learning opportunities, but employees are expected to take advantage of them. In fact, one is even guided and directed in their choice of specialization in mid-year career discussions with personnel managers. After such discussions, the firm helps the employees get the experience required through training, shadowing an experienced professional or assigning those projects that will help them gain skills and experience. Indeed, management is so supportive to staff training and development that many of the employees especially new entrants are often spoilt for choice, as at least twenty days a year are spent on staff training. Working in such an environment, I would benefit a great deal since I am not only a quick learner but constantly thirsty for new knowledge. Thus, having an employer who not only encourages but also facilitates the acquisition of new knowledge and skills would epitomize the closest to a perfect job I can get. Microsoft’s compensations and benefits package are not only above the average for the IT industry, but also for the country as a whole since the firm pays more than most of the employers in America. Indeed, this might explain why they do not fear their employees gaining new skills since they do not fear losing them, since there are only few firms that could pay them more remuneration benefits than Microsoft. They also allow their staff to purchase shares of Microsoft at discounted prices, the firm has a team of financial advisors who help the employees develop their financial portfolio by making objective and informed decisions (Lee). Microsoft also shows a great deal of concern for the health of its employees as well as eligible

Personal Brand (i.e. a human being) Research Paper

Personal Brand (i.e. a human being) - Research Paper Example It is for this very reason; it is more difficult to manage personal brands as compared to products or services associated brands (Vitberg, 2010). Oprah Winfrey happens to be the single largest one-woman personal brand in the world (Haig, 2011). This is because the brand Oprah is associated with specific personality traits and the mass perception of the brand Oprah has been managed till date with apt astuteness, finesse and dexterity (Haig, 2011). As a result, Oprah commands a very high mass popularity and many of the leading brands in the world aspire to associate with brand Oprah to leverage their net brand appeal. Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................... 2 1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................... 4 2.0 SWOT Analysis of Brand Oprah ................................................................. 4 2.1 Strengths ......... ............................................................................................ 4 2.2 Weaknesses .................................................................................................. ... ........................................................................................................... 9 1.0 Introduction It is a matter of public knowledge that not only Oprah Winfrey happens to be the largest one-woman brand in the world, but also that the leading brands in the world aspire to associate with this top notch personal brand (Haig, 2011, p. 131). The appeal of brand Oprah is such that it has not only revolutionized and redefined the history of television, but has indeed been successful in configuring a successful commercial empire around the attributes and mass appeal of the name Oprah (Haig, 2011, p. 131). In that context, brand Oprah is associated with a Midas touch. The mere association of a product or service with the name Oprah is just enough to make it a public rage. For instance a slight association of the brand Oprah with Spanx not only helped this little known under-garments brand evolve into a lead seller, but also helped it accrue a net annual turnover of ?220 million (Stylist, 2013). The mere mention of the brand Kindle at the Oprah show was enough to make people run for buying a piece of this gadget (Stylist, 2013). The book recommendations made by Oprah Book Club are a guarantee to make a publication an international best seller in a matter of days (Stylist, 2013). Thereby, it goes without saying that commercially speaking, brand Oprah commands an immense brand value and appeal (Haig, 2011, p. 132). However, the thing that needs to be understood is that brand Oprah commands such a successful consumer appeal owing to certain specific brand strategies, which not only make the brand Oprah soar over the social limitations ascribed to race, ethnicity and social status, but make it a name closely associated with reliability,

Competitor's Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Competitor's Analysis - Essay Example Moreover, companies such as Dental Strategy, Dental Marketing Canada, and Chrisad have experienced personnel who extend expertise and knowledge in the delivery of services. The companies such as ADEI5 and Chrisad employ advanced technology through strong online services and website design packages that leads to effective consumer analysis in marketing that has led to increased brand awareness. Most of dentistry and marketing companies located in this industry such as Art of Management Inc.6, Dental Strategy,7 and Dental Marketing Canada8 do not extensively exploit advanced technology to market their services. They lack adequate information on their websites, poor customer service, and lack of original products that limits market options. Companies such as Chrisad9, Art of Management Inc. have their headquarters outside London with many sub-branches while Dental Marketing Canada operates online services. Customer needs become difficult to meet because they lack the time and flexibility to cater to customers in London. The companies like Art of Management, Chrisad, and ADEI10 also overspend in the provision of extra services such as educational programs and comprehensive practice assessments that are not the immediate demand of the target market. The market is in need of dentistry marketing and services. This company is locally based in London, and has a fixed location that will ease consultations with clients. Chrisad Company is located outside London and only takes one client per city; they are not heavily concentrated in the Canadian market that gives us time to develop. This company will not be overwhelmed with customers like our competitors who are already established. This will provide adequate time to attend to customers, and market our company. Eventually, demand for our services will be bolstered. Since the clientele is technologically perceptive, our growing professional online

Rights of accused Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Rights of accused - Essay Example Due process refers to the legal principles that the state should respect the rights of all the individuals. It is used in the law to ensure the right of a free trial, and that the court has to listen to both the parties and their evidences before making a decision. The government cannot harm the accused until the exact course of law doesn’t allow them to. The concept of due process has been written in the US constitution but it was originated before it was drafted in the constitution. The concept is older than the English Common Law (Ramen, 2001). It developed from the Magna Carta in England. In the early times, in some of the ancient private court, there was an appearance made at an unrecorded time. It was unofficially recognized by the councils that the accused person also needs some protection against the ruling authority to ensure his rights, life and possessions are protected. This was the time when rough justice was a normal thing, but there still were some leaders who w ould understand the basic rights. There are many aspects that are covered under the concept of due process. The primary role of the due process is to ensure that the government does not take any action against an individual which could result in loss to life, property or liberty. They must provide the individual with a notice and give them the opportunity to be heard. As these legal requirements were tied up by law, any government officer violating the due process will be charged. Before the final verdict is given by the court, the government must make sure the individual is given fair, impartial measures to challenge the state action. Since all criminal cases are against the state, the state offers lawyers to the criminals who can speak their case (Siegel, 2011). The government, at times, abuses the accused individuals and their property, for example by eminent domain for a public purpose without giving the fair value of land. Such

Competitor's Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Competitor's Analysis - Essay Example Moreover, companies such as Dental Strategy, Dental Marketing Canada, and Chrisad have experienced personnel who extend expertise and knowledge in the delivery of services. The companies such as ADEI5 and Chrisad employ advanced technology through strong online services and website design packages that leads to effective consumer analysis in marketing that has led to increased brand awareness. Most of dentistry and marketing companies located in this industry such as Art of Management Inc.6, Dental Strategy,7 and Dental Marketing Canada8 do not extensively exploit advanced technology to market their services. They lack adequate information on their websites, poor customer service, and lack of original products that limits market options. Companies such as Chrisad9, Art of Management Inc. have their headquarters outside London with many sub-branches while Dental Marketing Canada operates online services. Customer needs become difficult to meet because they lack the time and flexibility to cater to customers in London. The companies like Art of Management, Chrisad, and ADEI10 also overspend in the provision of extra services such as educational programs and comprehensive practice assessments that are not the immediate demand of the target market. The market is in need of dentistry marketing and services. This company is locally based in London, and has a fixed location that will ease consultations with clients. Chrisad Company is located outside London and only takes one client per city; they are not heavily concentrated in the Canadian market that gives us time to develop. This company will not be overwhelmed with customers like our competitors who are already established. This will provide adequate time to attend to customers, and market our company. Eventually, demand for our services will be bolstered. Since the clientele is technologically perceptive, our growing professional online

A Comparison of Competencies between Associate and Bachelor Degreed Nursing Graduates Essay Example for Free

A Comparison of Competencies between Associate and Bachelor Degreed Nursing Graduates Essay Nursing is complex, and within the profession there are many spectrums of career possibilities. Nursing is based on a foundation of caring and what draws many to the profession is a commitment of service. The knowledge and education sought to prepare nurses however differs between the two â€Å"entry† level paths of associate degreed nurses and baccalaureate degree nurses and thus forms a difference in the way they perform their professional practice. Associate Degreed Nurses Associate degree nursing programs were developed in the early 1950’s as a response to postwar shortages (Creasia, Friberg. 2011) they were intended to be two years in duration and designed to prepare the graduate for bedside care in the secondary setting. These program quickly became successful and programs spread across the United States at a record pace. The associate degree program were found to be clinically sound and offered heavily hands on approach, they traditionally graduate nurses that are task oriented and perform well. Associate graduates are tested via the NCLEX after program completion to obtain licensure. The associate degreed path remains the major point of entry into the profession today. The educational prerequisite of the associate degree nursing program are not as robust in sciences often eliminating the need for organic chemistry and advanced mathematics. The associate degree nursing path also is remedial as compared to the BSN in the liberal arts, often leaving the graduate with subpar communication skills when compared to the BSN counterpart. Baccalaureate Degreed Nurses Baccalaureate degree programs are traditionally structured as four year programs with the nursing clinical focus at the latter two years. Programs differ from Associate programs in that there are courses required which  focus on the professional development of the student, and thus the growth of the profession. Baccalaureate programs prepare the graduate for scopes beyond bedside care. Leadership and research roles favor the bachelors prepared graduate. The advanced professional focus allows the graduate to view the practice beyond the task orientation of the associate degreed nurse. A comparison study (Ginger, N. Davidhizar, R., 1990) found that baccalaureate nurses were more concerned with research methodology, teaching of the individual and the group, and community assessments. The study concluded that the baccalaureate nurse was more process driven than the task oriented associate degreed nurses. Healthcare today is composed of a multiple disciplinary team of practitioners with varied levels of education, preparing nurses at the minimum of the baccalaureate level has been a push of many professional organizations. Recent research (Aiken, 2008) has confirmed a strong link in the educational level of nurses and improvement in patient mortality. The study found when the institution increased the percentage of baccalaureate prepared nurses by 10% that the corresponding mortality decreased by 4%. Practical Comparison One of the situational comparisons that I feel would demonstrate the practice focus differences of the two educational preparations is in dealing with imminent death and dying. Throughout the career of any healthcare provider we will be faced with this challenge, and while there are many task associated with the algorithm of advanced life support or complexity of the hospice patient, there are multiple psych social aspects to consider. The baccalaureate nurses educational preparation allows her to focus on the causes of the underlying pathophysiology, understand the chemistry of the multiple medications involved and problem solve for alternative treatments is initially unsuccessful. The baccalaureate nurse is able to communicate effectively with the healthcare team and reassuringly guide the family thru this difficult process. In my years of practice I feel that clinical experience and confidence can elevate the associate degreed nurse to a comparable level in this situation as well but I have seen that the baccalaureate graduate achieves this standard well before the counterpart. Patient presentation has become more complex and the array of treatments available seems almost endless. Our patients and their families deserve the  best outcomes from the best prepared team.

Dead Mens Path Theme Analysis Literature Essay

Dead Mens Path Theme Analysis Literature Essay Dead Mens Path is a short story written in 1972 by African Author Chinua Achebe. It is about Michael Obi, a young and energetic man excited about all things modern who is just assigned a position to run a traditional school. Not long into the job, he finds that along with his misguided zeal, ignoring the traditions of his people can have great consequences. Obi is a bright and enthusiastic young man who is excited to find out that he will be the new headmaster of a school that has been in desperate need of help for some time. Obi was considered a pivotal teacher and he and his wife are both forward thinking and eager to share the modern life with everyone. Chinua Achebe shows the Obis modern enthusiasm by writing: We shall do our best, she Obis wife) replied. We shall have such beautiful gardens and everything will be just modern and delightful He also shows Obis views of the traditionalist people by attacking their character referring to them as, these old and superannuated people in the teaching field. Of his two goals for the school, one was to make the grounds a place of beauty. An upcoming inspection was the perfect motivation to begin what he thought to be great improvements. In time the gardens blossomed with beautiful red and yellow flowers. As Obi is admiring his work, he comes across an old woman from the village who walks str aight across the flowers onto what Obe discovers to be an old faint almost unused path. Obi speaks to a teacher and finds out exactly what the path was used for. It amazes me, said Obi to one of the teachers who had been three years in the school, that you people allowed the villagers to make use of this footpath. It is simply incredible. He shook his head. The path, the teacher said apologetically, appears to be very important to them. Although it is hardly used, it connects the village shrine with their place of burial. Obi didnt care about the reason and for fear that the coming inspector may see people on school grounds who didnt belong, demanded that the footpath be closed off immediately regardless of warnings from the teacher. The path was then blocked with heavy logs and reinforced with barbed wire. A priest was sent by the outraged villagers to try and talk some sense into Obi, pressing upon him the significance that the path has not to just the villagers, but also the dead who walk the path.Look here my son, this path was here before you were born and before your father was born. The whole life of the village depends on it. Our dead relatives depart by it and our ancestors visit us by it. But most important, it is the path of children coming in to be born. Obi rejected the priests words and in mocking replied to him Dead men dont walk. he dismissed his ancestry and instead chose the modern way. The path remained blocked and a few days later a village woman died in childbirth. The villagers took that as a sign that if the path remains blocked they would suffer great misfortune. Believing that the mother would be unable to rest in peace and the child unable to walk the path and enter the world, the villagers became agitated and tore down a school building as well as everything used to block the path and the flowers planted to impress the inspector. When the inspector finally arrived, he was presented with grounds that were completely destroyed along w ith a headmaster who thought only about himself and erasing the past to become modern. In the story, with the descriptions of the pretentious headmaster and his lack of respect for the elders and their traditions the narrator clearly has taken sides with the villagers. Chinua Achebe writes, The whole purpose of our school is to eradicate such beliefs as that. Dead men do not require footpaths. The whole idea is just fantastic. Our duty is to teach your children to laugh at such ideas. The main point in question in the story is in reference to the villagers beliefs and customs and the importance it held in their lives. Obi was wrong in his thinking and in his methods, believing that he can just cut the people off from what in our time would be considered a funeral. When it comes to the destruction and rejection of something that was and is important to people such as traditions no matter how old the customs may be, nobody has the right to negate a persons background and nobody has the ability to remove a persons belief and substitute it with their own. An unfamiliar cul tures belief may seem fanciful but to those who believe it, it is as much a vital part of their lives as technology is in ours. The heart of a persons belief is in having faith although what you believe can never be proven. What happens in death is a perfect example of this. Nobody alive can know what happens after death so we are left with our imaginations to hope that our loved ones are in a better place rather than in the ground or left as ashes. People need that faith to carry on because at times the thought of never again seeing those people can be unbearable. Our ancestors traditions and customs are important because the only knowledge we have of things we have no proof on is in the things passed down for generations. Just as the story explained, the villagers were so strong in their beliefs of the path that when it became blocked they attacked the school and everything that was blocking the sacred path: The beautiful hedges were torn up not just near the path but right around the schoolflowers trampledone of the school buildings torn down The importance of a persons culture is more than just the faith of a single person, it connects a group of people who believe alike and allows them to work together with the same end results. As stated in Achebes Dead Mens Path, contemporary community shouldnt do as Obi and try to eradicate the core of a peoples beliefs which, with his mocking reply to the priest is just what he tried to do. Our duty is to teach your children to laugh at such ideas. It is important to remember and to honor traditions. Many people fight to keep their traditions alive, whether its an old woman making her 80th annual pilgrimage to a Mexican cemetery to light a candle at Dona Candelaria de Sapiens grave or Native American tribe members dressed in full ceremonial clothing dancing to celebrate the coming rain. In Achebes story, the people fought to keep the path free so that those who pass on can rest in peace and the traditions of the vill agers can carry on for generations to come, far beyond the lives of the priests, villagers and Obi.

The field-mouse and October is written by the same writer, Gillian :: English Literature

The field-mouse and October is written by the same writer, Gillian Clarke also that they both have three stanzas. The theme of the field- mouse is about a mouse which symbolises. From the sheet I had four poems that I could choose from ‘Mid-term break’, ‘The field-mouse’, ‘A difficult birth, Easter 1998’ and ‘October’. From these four poems I had decided to compare, ‘The field-mouse’ and ‘October’. The first two things that are noticeable is a similarity between these two poems. ‘The field-mouse’ and ‘October’ is written by the same writer, Gillian Clarke also that they both have three stanzas. The theme of ‘the field-mouse’ is about a mouse which symbolises a child in a war, â€Å"the child comes running through the killed flowers, his hands a nest of quivering mouse†. Whereas the theme of ‘October’ is about the month of October and how it represents death because in the month of October the days are very gloomy with mostly rain and never sunshine, â€Å"Wind in the poplars and a broken branch, a dead arm in the bright trees†. The relationship in ‘the field-mouse’ is that the child (mouse) represents a close member of the reader’s family and the emotions that the narrator talks about have a direct and similar effect on the reader because the reader imagines that the child is a close member of his family. On the other hand the relationship in ‘October’ is between two friends and one friend dies in the month of October. The living friend expresses her feelings and emotions through metaphors and other poetic devices using the atmosphere surrounding the world around, in October. The image in ‘the field-mouse’ is the mouse. The mouse helps to portray an image for the children about how they are powerless, â€Å"We know it will die and ought to finish it off†, vulnerable, â€Å"My neighbour turned stranger, wounding my land with stones†, weak, â€Å"their bones brittle as mouse ribs†, and innocent, â€Å"his hands a nest of quivering mouse†. Nevertheless in ‘October’ the image is the month of October. October is a good visual image to show the feelings and emotions of the living friend because the month of October is very

Effect of marajuana on college campus :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marijuana can be found on every college campus in the United States and is the drug of choice coming in right behind alcohol. Harvard School of public health conducted a survey over the last eleven years and found that marijuana use in college has gone from 26.4 % in 1989-1991 to 33.6% in 2000 (http://www.edc.org/hec/pubs/prev-updates/marijuana.html). According to a similar study, the majority of students on college campuses that use marijuana will also participate in other high risk activities. This destructive behavior includes things such as cigarette smoking, binge drinking and sex while intoxicated. Marijuana is so easy to obtain and can be very tempting to experiment with, especially if you have already had a few drinks and your thinking is impaired.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marijuana prices have a major effect on the amount of use by college students at any given point in time. Although it may be more socially available on college campuses, the price still determines the usage. The fact that marijuana is illegal in the United States helps to keep the price at a seemingly higher level. This artificial price illusion regulates the buying, selling and usage among college students. Compared to alcohol, marijuana is much more accessible, especially on college campuses. Getting alcohol requires an ID or someone with an ID. Getting marijuana only requires someone that supplies the drug. So even though it is illegal, marijuana is seemingly more common.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since possession of marijuana is illegal, it is not surprising that the consequences can be so debilitating. While attending college with federal financial aid, you run the risk of jeopardizing your federal aid by being charged with a misdemeanor. Possession of marijuana is considered a misdemeanor and if you are charged, the federal government has the right to take away any government aid that you were granted. So not only do you have a record for possession, but more than likely you are going through the judicial system of the college or university and may be suspended or expelled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marijuana use can also lead to academic problems. Students that participate in these behaviors have a tendency to spend more time socializing than concentrating on what they should be, their academics. These students spend more time partying than studying which greatly affects their academic performance. Two of the physical effects of marijuana that directly affect academics are difficulty in problem solving and poor memory. Students may become less and less motivated to be involved in campus activities, and also may become decreasingly concerned with their long-term goals and career plans.

Analyzing a Published Work

Analyzing a Published Work Overview One of the most important moves academic writers can master is the art of analysis. This assignment will help you to develop the skills necessary to determine the meaning found within a text. To be clear, the intent of this essay is not to argue for or against the content; instead, we are analyzing what the article does in terms of the following: 1. purpose, 2. approach, and 3. effectiveness. Assignment Go to an online newspaper website: Chicago Tribune http://www. chicagotribune. com/, http://www. ansascity. com/, or http://www. nytimes. com/ are a few possible sites, but feel free to use a more local newspaper website. Find an article in the Op/ED section that is argumentative in nature. Use the following questions to guide your analysis: 1. What is the purpose of the text? In other words, what exactly is the position the article takes and/or what does the author want his or her readers to believe and/or do after reading the article? 2. What stra tegies does the text use to attempt to achieve its purpose? Give examples from the article.In other words, does the article use facts, examples, experiences, logic, assumptions, data, sources, expert opinion, and so on to prove his or her position? Be sure to give examples. You could also try to determine if the position is presented as more of a Classical argument or a Rogerian argument. 3. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the approach the article used? In other words, what would you have liked to see more of in the article? Less of? What worked? What didn't work? Do you detect bias that is unreasonable? Does the author use unreasonable assertions, stereotypes, or faulty information to make his or her points?Does the author place the opposition in an unfair light? Does the author distort the arguments of those who disagree? Does the author fail to recognize the weaknesses in his or her own position? Does the author leave out important information? Does the author back up hi s or her assertions with evidence, or does he or she simply make assumptions? What would most improve the argument? Explain your answers. Remember, we are not arguing for or against the content of these articles; we are analyzing what the article attempts to do, how it does it, and if it does so fairly.We should not be concerned about how we feel about the article. To be clear: Your readers should not know what your position is about the subject. Your readers should only know whether or not you felt the article was reasonable, well-developed, fair, etc. Do not include personal opinion or personal judgments about the subject matter. Do not include personal narrative. This analysis should be presented in the form of a single essay, complete with a title page, an introduction, three body paragraphs (purpose, approach, and effectiveness), a conclusion, and a full References page.Your analysis should meet the following criteria: †¢Is based on a current topic and/or event; †¢is between 300-500 words in length, not including the title page, abstract (if used), and References page; †¢includes direct quotations and paraphrased passages from the text; †¢uses attributive tags that not only work to convey the mood of the writer, but establish him or her as an authority in the field of study; †¢avoids personal opinion; †¢is written clearly, concisely, and accurately; †¢is written solely in third-person; is formatted in APA style and includes a References page; †¢has been closely edited so that it contains few or no mechanical errors; †¢is ordered with a title page, an introduction, three body paragraphs (purpose, approach, and effectiveness), a conclusion, and a full References page. *Note that no one writes a polished essay in a single sitting. Start early and give yourself time for multiple revisions. Analysis Checklist As you work on your analysis, it is a good idea to keep the following questions in mind: 1. How does this an alysis meet the assignment criteria? . How close do you feel your analysis reflected the presentation of the original argument? 3. Does this analysis use effective transitions as it progresses from paragraph to paragraph? 4. Does this analysis avoid personal opinion, casual language, or first or second person language? 5. Is there anything in this analysis that could have been left out without losing its effect? 6. Is there anything else that could have been added to this analysis to make it feel more complete? 7. Is this analysis based on a current topic?

Eliot Rosewater

â€Å"God bless you Mr. Rosewater† is a phrase spoken but never meant. Eliot Rosewater serves a purpose to everyone but himself within the God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater standing as a back post for the weak and merciful poor, and as an undeniable powerhouse amongst the wealthy. Eliot Rosewater is as confused about himself as all others are around him, having enough money to take care of an entire family, yet spreading the wealth amongst his community. He lives alone inside of himself, standing by the telephone day and night, waiting for a phone call. This is what makes Eliot Rosewater the unlikely hero, he is a fool and a criminal in the minds of his father and his colleagues yet he stands as a god amongst his community, the people he cares about more than life itself. Eliot Rosewater stands out to the reader and the characters within the novel due to his lack of the one trait we all share, greed. The actions of Eliot show that he is a man that has struggled to do more than is expected of him, feeling guilt; he is a character that is struggling to make things right in a world he does not understand. Eliot Rosewater inherits the Rosewater fortune after his father sees him fit to do so, leaving Eliot in charge while his father remains senator of Rosewater, Indiana. Rosewater begins as a man that’s apparently very intelligent but feels lost in the world that surrounds him. He sees no purpose for himself, as of this time he was not head of the Rosewater Foundation. Eliot attends schools such as Harvard during his young adult life. After graduating from Harvard, Eliot deems himself unfit to continue through the motions of society and instead enlists himself into the military. After returning home from the war he marries a woman named Sylvia and tries to begin a new life. However, he is plagued by his responsibility for the death of a child during the war. Rosewater begins to drink while trying to maintain a life with his new love and be the head of the Rosewater Foundation. Eventually Eliot is an alcoholic and his marriage is in pieces, the only thing thriving being his foundation. Sylvia becomes obsessed with the wealth, feeling indifferent to the struggles of those less fortunate, breaks down and is told by her doctor to divorce Eliot and leave the county. Eliot becomes a volunteer fireman and a philanthropist, struggling to help the community due to the fact that his life is in shambles. Eliot realizes that his greatest purpose in this world is to take care of his family, the community of Rosewater, Indiana. Eliot takes care of his community through actions such as donations and help money. Sleeping by a telephone, Eliot is awakened each night with a phone call from someone in distress, asking them how much it would take to keep them alive for one more week. Eliot begins to act simply for his community, often times ignoring his own needs such as hunger and thirst. Eliot’s later actions show how he has changed as a person throughout the book, beginning life lost, he maneuvered through life without meaning or purpose. Eliot enlists in the army, showing that he feels that there is something better that he could do with his life. Eliot then lives the rest of his life in regret, hating himself for what he did to that child during the war, disconnecting himself from Sylvia and his father, hating that he can have so much money with the awful thing he did while so many of the good innocent hard working people of his community have nothing. By Eliot giving money to the members of his community we can tell that he is truly sorry for what he has done and is seeking forgiveness for his actions, perhaps trying to pay a debt to God or even to that child. This changes him from an innocent man with no purpose in life, to a guilty man who has a debt to repay, therefore pushing his life in a direction, toward helping his community. His feelings and actions can be seen on page 193: â€Å"Hello, babies. Welcome to Earth. It's hot in the summer and cold in the winter. It's round and wet and crowded. At the outside, babies, you've got about a hundred years here. There's only one rule that I know of, babies — â€Å"God damn it, you've got to be kind. † The significance of Eliot Rosewater is more than just a character, if you can call him that. Eliot Rosewater stands as a symbol, a purpose and an idea set in motion, a breathing thought. As Kurt Vonnegut says: â€Å"A sum of money is a leading character in this tale about people, just as a sum of honey might properly be a leading character in a tale about bees. â€Å" Money stands as a leading character in the novel; Eliot simply stands as the hands that hold it. Mr. Rosewater can’t really be put into the categories of â€Å"flat† or â€Å"static† because he simply does not act like a character within a novel should act. Eliot never shows his guilt or feelings to anyone, and instead the reader must find out about it through the narrator, Kurt Vonnegut. To the reader Eliot seems completely sane and almost appears as the hero of the tale, where as his relationship to the other characters tells a different story. Eliot stands as a radical, a man with no purpose or understanding of the cast system. Eliot Rosewater begins with a clean slate, going nowhere in his life. He ends with a few chips on his shoulder, yet with a purpose in his life more important than any of the other characters. Rosewater gives his fortune away to his community, claiming them as his children. Eliot’s characteristics stand him apart from every other character, being the only selfless character within the entire novel. His suffering leads him to completely happiness at the climax of the novel, leaving his friends and family in with misunderstanding stares.

Anti Animal Testing of Body Shop

The Issue: Anti-Animal Testing Campaign Award: RSPCA Good Business Awards 2009 Background of the Corporation In 1976, Anita Riddick founded The Body Shop, a natural, environmentally minded cosmetics shop in England. Today, The Body Shop has over 2,400 stores in 61 countries around the world and is headquartered in Little Hampton, West Sussex, and England. In 2006, L’Oreal acquired The Body Shop for an estimated ? 652. 3 million. Anita continued to have a large amount creative control over the company until her death in 2007.Description of the issue There are millions of animals including rabbits, guinea pigs, mice and rats continue to suffer and die an agonizing death behind the companies who refuses to give up the practice for nothing more than human vanity. The body shop cares about the treatment of animals so we are continuing to take a leadership role in protecting animals and seek alternatives to animal testing. There are over 300 of The Body Shop stores in United Kingdom have launched pledge to ban animal testing on cosmetics around the world.We have a strict requirement of the human cosmetic standard which was set by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) in order to ensure the process of producing is ethical. Why do we have to against animal testing? All those animals are made to suffer and die in a variety of routine tests for cosmetics products and their ingredients. For example, repeated dose toxicity and reproductive toxicity. Rabbits or rats are force to eat or inhale cosmetics ingredients or have it rubbed onto their shaved skin every day for 90 days and are then killed.As our slogan of â€Å"Beauty with Heart†, we cannot accept this thing happen in the world. We are then in particular to influence all cosmetic industries prohibit in using animal testing for cosmetics or other ingredients that are harmful to animal. Objectives 1. Informational objectives The body shop builds a partnership with Cruelty Free Internat ional (CFI) and Leaping Bunny program which is the only standard that ensures there is no animal testing secured at any phase of product development. It is in order to create an industry-changing impact and to provide transferability to others in the cosmetic industries. 2.Attitudinal objectives The body shop builds a relationship with customers by using their powers to influence with suppliers to address and eliminate the animal testing issue. Implementation This issue is crucial to all protect animal organizations and customers. The Body Shop has carried out this campaign with CFI and we seek global ban of animals to test cosmetic. International Values and R&D Director of the Body Shop have taken the lead of a long commitment to this cause and Our Technical Compliance Team is responsible for ensuring that no ingredients we use have been tested on animals since the end of December 1990.We do support CFI to achieve a worldwide ban on animal testing. In 1996, we have already collecte d over 4-million petition signatures and delivered to the European Commission with the success of banning on animal testing for finished cosmetics products in 2004. Croatia and Norway have followed suit by banning animal tests for cosmetics and ingredients and in 2015 Israel will also implement a ban. Although European Union has announced the policy on banning animal testing, there is still approximately 80% of the world allows animals to be used in cruel experiments.We still need to continue supporting CFI to achieve this mission. Communication Plan Constituencies Constituent groups include: animal rights organization, animal protection groups, suppliers and their trade organizations; customers, investors, animal scientists and other academic in the animal science arena and media. We focus on one of the target – customers as the main stakeholder that would direct affect our market on cosmetic industries. The Body Shop audits regularly to ensure absolute compliance with Briti sh Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) Humane Cosmetics Standard (HCS).We are committed to our Against Animal Testing policy as we ever were and to guarantee that one of our products are tested on animals. We communicate clearly on our policies to customers and suppliers; hope to create a bigger influence to all cosmetic users throughout the world. Responses of constituency (Source: Cruelty Free International) As the report has mentioned that we have successfully collected over 4-million petition signatures to support anti-animal testing program. Customers are more willing to put efforts to encourage this program all over the world.To show our promise to influence over 80% of the world, we raise awareness among employees and listen to our stakeholders in order to maintain, measure, monitor and report on our performance. On the other hand, we have invited volunteers to promote our message of against cosmetic testing on animal by creating a 400 people flash mob taking a stan ce in support of CFI’s campaign in June, 2012. So as to response our stakeholders, we have published our campaign on our official website, www. thebodyshop. co. uk/ . CorporationThe Body Shop believes that all animals have their value and respect; we will continue to lead the way of opposing animal testing by demonstrating the highest monitoring standards and clear customer communication. We are glad to gain trust from our customers to support our program, so we have labeled our products against animal testing to ensure the continued awareness of our customers and employees. The body shop is looking forward to build up a good relationship with customers in order to continue our mission of this issue.We also desire to use it purchasing power and influence with customers to address and eliminate the cosmetic animal testing. Our whole company will be involved in this issue especially the connection with our supplier as we need to ensure all of our products are not tested by anim als. Therefore, we will first study whether the ingredients can be bought in organic or Fair Trade form and what certification can be provided. We are now part of the leading beauty group in the world, L’Oreal but our commitment and principle of ethical have not changed.This corporation would only make us to have stronger resources to influence the whole world about this issue. Since L’Oreal is well- known for the quality of their scientific research and they have been applying that expertise to finding alternatives to animal testing for cosmetics. One particular success has been the development of a new synthetic epidermis called â€Å"Episkin†, which mimics the physiology and reaction of human skin so well that it can be used to test the effects of many chemicals.We are hopeful that this addition to the range of non-animal test will make a significant difference to overall cosmetics sector, as it has been made available to use for the whole industry. The body shop has founded over 35 years with a positive reputation thanks to all employees and customers’ encouragement. The Body Shop has been praised by customers as the British brand with the best corporate reputation, according to a new survey by brand consultancy Added Value.Despite The Body Shop’s acquisition by the global beauty group, L’Oreal, it remains a brand recognized for its ethical viewpoint, although it may need to keep abreast of changing consumer attitudes to hold onto its leadership position. Nevertheless, we always keep our good reputation to continue persuading other countries on non-animal testing. Messages The body shop has launched several events to convey the message of anti-animal testing through the media. Instance, the biggest ambitious campaign is the partnership with CFI telling the world about the cause of animal testing with facts and empathy to all people who loves beauty with heart.We are calling on governments for a ban on animal testin g for cosmetics in every country around the world by signing the pledge at our stores. We have to send a strong message to governments that cruelty-free is not just humane; it is a good way to do business too and these entire signatures by customers or people who love beauty with heart presented to relevant governments and stakeholders who can influence the introduction of a ban. We are proud to have the support of CFI and the pledges with all signatures will enable to do all we can to ensure that no animals are harmed in tests for the cosmetics industry.The body shop has expended the campaign internet to let people who are not located in our stores to give a support on this issue. Apart from the corporation with CFI, The Body Shop has also done different kind of means to promote our message such as labeling our important message â€Å"Against animal testing† on all of our products. We are in processing on holding several beauty contests to get attention from all customers on this issue. For example, we are going to launch two beauty competitions. Beauty with heart make-up competition is a competition aim at showing human’s beauty by using our The Body Shop make-up products.We want to give a message of showing our making procedures of all products are ethical without any harm to animals. Either of showing how natural and pure of our products, the importance of beauty is also one of the main points that we want to give out. Being beautiful is not only for the appearance but also the inner beauty of a person. To love myself is to firstly love others include animals; we have to understand the highest standard of beautiful is being beauty with moral and spiritual. Video education of beauty competition, we want to convey the cruel fact of animal testing on animal to all customers and also students.We have to strike a balance between beauties and ethical on business, we wish to spread our issue to our next generation; therefore video education is the m ost effective way of telling them the importance of inner beauty. This aims to structure the trustiest part of animal testing process to let people understand animal can be beautiful too if we stop killing and harming them, animal should deserve a fair treat as human being. Through the process of animal testing, we wish to educate or tell the truth of beauty to everyone around the world.The alternatives to using animals to test cosmetics These modern methods are more relevant to humans and have been found to predict human reactions better than the traditional outdated animal tests. According to the CFI, â€Å"to assess skin irritation alternatives such as Reconstituted Human Epidermis, like the skin model EPISKIN, can be used. These tests use reconstituted human skin donated from cosmetic surgery and have been shown to be more effective than the original cruel rabbit Draize skin test that they replace.Models also exist and can be used to replace cruel animal tests for eye irritatio n, the effects of skin sensitization can be predicted by looking at proteins in-vitro (in a test tube), and phototoxicity can also be assessed with a cell based test. † Furthermore, companies can prove their products are safe by utilizing established ingredients. There are, for example, almost 20,000 ingredients in the European Union’s database for which safety data is available. Evaluation Response of constituencies As noticed above, The Body Shop has already collected over 4 million signatures with estimated 275 million people a year who visit our stores.With over millions of volunteers who support us by making videos and spread our message through social networking devices such as Facebook, YouTube as well as Twitter with a vote on our issue. Corporation After being acquired by L’Oreal, a company accused of using animal testing. There was some speculation over if The Body Shop would continue to have this same standard of no animal testing, but the company seem ed to be unchanged, keeping all its values intact. Awards In October 2009, The Body Shop was awarded a ‘Lifetime Achievement Award’ by the  RSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) inBritain. They were given this honor for complying with the strict requirements of the Humane Cosmetics Standards. Result In 2004, European Union is banned the animal testing for cosmetics. Croatia and Norway have followed suit by banning animal tests for cosmetics and ingredients and in 2015 Israel will also implement a ban. We have also successfully influenced other beauty companies with the help of CFI to ban on animal testing which has shown on the appendices. Reference Unknown. (2012). Against Animal Testing. Retrieved from http://www. thebodyshop. om/values/AgainstAnimalTesting. aspx The Body Shop International plc. (2012). 2012 Annual value report. Bostrock and Pollitt Limited, London. Retrieved from http://www. thebodyshop. com/content/pdf/global-values_report . pdf Source. (2008). The Body Shop praised by consumers as brand with best reputation in Britain. Retrieved from http://www. added-value. com/source/2008/03/the-body-shop-praised-by-consumers-as-brand-with-best-reputation-in-britain/ Cruelty-Free International. (2012). Animal Tests and Alternatives. Retrieved from http://www. rueltyfreeinternational. org/en/the-issue/animal-tests-and-alternatives Tatiana Houdegbe. (2011). The Body Shop. Retrieved from http://fashionwithaheart. wordpress. com/2011/05/20/the-body-shop-csr/ Appendices Ranking of The Body Shop The online CFI Pledge The label of against animal testing on products ——————————————– [ 1 ]. 400 people took a stance against animal testing for cosmetics in support of Cruelty-Free International’s Campaign. With reference on http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=miMoU7GO2JE&feature=related